Rail anchor



March 26, 1929. J. H. LARMONTH 2 RAIL ANCHOR Original Filed Aprii 16, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Mrefifar John Ii Lanna/7M March 26, 1929. LARMONTH 1,706,926

RAIL ANCHOR Original Filed Apfil 16, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 3 filler/r Patent Mar. 26, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAIL ANCHOR.

Application filed April 16, 1927, Serial No. 184,388, and in Ganada March 24, 1927. Renewed February ferred to, the device includes a U-shaped member notched in its arms to embrace one flange of a rail base and having a web disposed below the rail and a looped spring member to rest upon the web and to be in compression between the web and the under surface of a rail base, said member includ- 2o ing a tail to engage the edge of the other base flange.

According to the present invention the two members are combined in one, ,PIlmarily by providin one or more extensions perform the functions of the formerly separate spring member. The same effect may be obtained by welding, riveting or otherwise fixing together the two parts of the anchors disclosed in the patents and application already referred to.

In the former anchors, certain efiect's are produced by relative movement or tendency to relative movement of two parts and certain manipulationsare. required in assem bling the anchors on rails and in removing the anchors from rails. It has been found that by making the anchor'in one piece (or equivalent) various steps of assembly and removal are eliminated, thus simplifying use of the anchor. It is further found that when making the anchor in one piece some of the efiects of the two piece and three piece structures disappear while new effects appear. Obviously, a unitary structure has great advantage over a two piece or three piece structure in that loss or improper assembly of parts becomes an impossibility.

Moreover, the rigid connection of the anchor parts according to this invention enables and contemplates making one of theparts a casting in which a portion of the from the web ofv e U-shaped member to a other part is embedded, thus producing an anchor which is, for all purposes of use, a unitary or one-piece structure.

' In the accompanying drawings which show embodiments of the invention in Various forms, but to which forms or the details thereof the invention is not confined since modifications may be made also different combinations of features therein illustrated;'

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one form of the anchor in operative position on a rail.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the anchor of Figure 1 in the relaxed position it assumes when separated from a rail.

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the anchor of Figures 1 and 2 as seen looking from the left hand end of Figure 1.

Figs. 4:, 5 and 6 are side elevations, the last fragmentary, illustrating modifications of the form of anchor shown in Figure 1,. certain of which modifications are applicable also to other forms of the anchor herein contemplated.

Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are side elevations showing what may be termed inverted modifications of the type of anchor shown in Figure l. 7

Figs. 11 and 12 are side elevations showing modifications of details.

Referring more particularly to the draw-- ings, 21 designates a rail base and 22- an anchor body jawed or notched as at 23 to embrace one flange of the rail base. This body may be U-shaped and formed of spaced plates 24 and a connecting web 25 as shown in'Figu're 3, or may be a castin or forging 22 as shown in.Figure 12. %he notches are preferably of such size that upper and lower jaws formed by them will both engage the rail base, but the notches may be otherwise formed. Preferably, the notches are so arranged that when the body is in position on a rail, the bottom thereof, which is the web 25 in Figures 1 to 4 and 6 to 11, is disposed largely or wholly beneath the rail at-an inclination to the bottom surface of the rail base, but it will be understood that the inclination of the web may be varied greatly from that shown and, moreover,

that inclination is not essential as the web may be either parallel with or perpendicular to the plane of the rail base bottom. Examples of different inclinations are shown in Figures 4 and 5, the latter being the maximum inclination (90). While the web is preferably. located to connect the shorter edges of the plates, as shown in Figures 1 to 4 and 6 to 11, it will be understood that the web may be located to connect the longer edges as shown in Figure 5. i

.In the forms shown in Figures 1 to 6 and 11, an arm 26 is connected to the web and swings upwardly between the plates from the lower end of the web (that is, the

end which will be farthest below the rail) through an approximately circular are into a position which will enable contact with the lower surface of the rail base, thus forming a loop, designated 27. Beyond the loop 27, the arm extends a sufficient distance to enable it to pass transversely under a. rail base. The free end of the arm is provided with a hook 28 of any suitable shape adapted to engage the edge of the rail base flange opposite that embraced by the body 22.

In the relaxed condition of the anchor shown in Figure 2, the loop is larger than it is when the anchor is operatively enga ed with a rail, so that in the applicatmn an in the operative posit-ion of the anchor the loop will be com ressed between the web and the rail base. urthermore, in the relaxed condition of the anchor (assuming the normal position illustrated), the arm between the loop and hook is, as a whole, inclined upwardly from the loop, so that in process of application to a railthe arm must be swung downwardly, relatively to the body, in order to take position beneath the rail base. It will be noted from Figures 2 and 5 that the arm when relaxed is appreciably bent between the loop and hook, the bend contributing to the upward inclination of the arm and normally providing for a spaced relation to the rail base. It will also be noted that the normal arc of movement of the hooked end of the arm, designated 29, would pass through a rail base flange instead of beyond the same, so that some elongation of the arm or longitudinal movement thereof is necessary in application of the anchor, in order that the hook may assume a position beyond the edge of the base flange. The necessary elongation results from the flexion of the arm in application tending to straighten or from certain manipulation in application of the anchor, as later described, or from a. combination of both.

The length of the web is preferably somewhat less than the length of the plate edges it connects, so that the arm will spring from the web at a point between the plates, as shown for example in Figure 2, the object being to avoid a large relatively yielding and exposed loop and also to avoid excessive arm length. It will be understood, however,

that the web length may be equal to the length of the late edges it connects and that the loop of the arm may be larger and disposed beyond the plates, all as shown in Fi re 6.

second arm 30 may be connected to the web extending from the upper end thereof and adapted to so port the arm 26 between the loop and hoo The existence of this arm in the forms of Figures 1 to 5 and 11 depends upon one or more of three principal factors, namely, the distance of the upper end of the web below the rail base; the inclination of the web (which to some extent controls the distance); and the bend of the arm. In the form of Figure 1, the inclination of the web, its distance beneath the rail and the bend of the arm 26 are such that the arm 30 may have considerable length, while in the forms of Figures 4 and 5, the factors are such that the arm 30 disappears entirely, the arm 26 being supported directly by the upper end of the web. In the form of Figure l, the arm 30 is bent upwardly or toward the arm 26, so as to present its end for abutting engagement with the arm 26 at approximately the point of maximum bend, while in the form of Figure 4, the end of the web, which, because of its inclination, would present an edge for engagement with the arm 26 is bent away from the arm to form a lip 31 to support the arm 26 in the same manner as does the arm 30. In the form of Figure 5, the web. has end abutting engagement with the arm 26. In all the forms of Figures 1 to 5, the arms 26 are preferably spaced from their intermediate supports when the anchors are relaxed, as shown in Figures 2 and 5, so that initial compression of the loops in application of the anchors to rails may be easily effected and enable the flange ed es to easily penetrate part way into the note ies. It will be seen that in all these forms the arm 26 is supported at a point between the loop and hook by the web, the arm 30 being in reality a portion of the web varying according to circumstances to support the arm 30.

In Figures 7 to 10, there are shown forms of the anchor which may be termed inverted forms. These forms include body members 22 in all respects similar to those of the previously described forms and subject to similar modifications as to inclination, relation to the plates and length relative to the plate edges they connect.

In these forms arms 32 connected to the webs and sprin ing from the upper ends of the webs are a apted to extend transverselv beneath rails and terminate in the hooks 26. These arms 32 are formed to be flexed in application to rails and to thrust u wardly against the under surfaces of rail liases in the same manner as the arms 26 of the reviously described forms. It will be rea ily opposite ends of the webs. These arms 32 have no intermediate supports as have the arms 26, but .this is compensated for by the lesser lengths of the arms 32 giving greater rigidity (cross-sections being equal).

In certain of these latter forms of the anchor, namely, those shown in Figures 7 and 8, additional arms 33 are connected to the webs and spring from the lower ends of the webs and are bent upwardly between the plates to form the circularly curved loops 27 designed to thrust upwardly against the under surfaces of rail bases similarly to the loops of the arms 26. These loops are obviously subject to the modification disclosed in Figure 6.-

In the forms of Figures 7 and 9, the arms 32 are initially straight or nearly so and engage the rail adjacent the hooks, while in the form of Figure 8 the arm 32 hasan intermediate upward bend at 34 designed to cause engagement of the arm with the rail base at a point nearer thebody portion 22, the effect being, in a measure, the stiffening of the arm.

The form shown in Figure 10 is a compromisc between the forms of Figures 1 and 9.

In this form, a reverse or S-bend is placed in the arm adjacent the web, which is compressed in application of the anchor to a rail similarly to the 100 27 of Figure 1 and with similar effects. This bend also enables a normallocation of the hook 28 relatively to a rail similar to that shown in Figure 2.

In forms of the anchor such as shown in Figures 1, 4, 5, 10 and 11, the arms between the 100 and hook are in the operative position su stantially or as a whole parallel with lower surface of the rail base, whereas in other forms the hooked arms are noticeably out of this parallelism, but it will be readily seen that the question of parallelism in forms such as Figures 7, 8 and 9 de ends largely on the same'factors as contro the length of arms 30, wherefore any of the forms may have hook arms substantially parallel with the rail base, as is in fact the case with the form of Figure 10.

Heretofore, the arms of the various forms have been described merely as connected to the webs. This connection preferably exists because of initially integral formation of the arms and bodies, but may exist because of the permanent connection of initially separate'bodies and arms, as for instance by welding or riveting together of two ieces or the casting of one piece into the ot er. In Figure 11, the two arms 26 and 30, either integral or separate, overlap the web 25 and are welded, riveted or otherwise permanentl secured thereto forming a structure which is for all practical purposes integral. In Figme 12, the body designated 22 is a casting formed around an extension 36 of the arm 32, which may project entirely through the casting, as shown, or not, as desired. The 'casting may follow the general lines of the previously described body members and, While only a single arm 32 is shown, it will be obvious that the various arrangements of arms already described may be obtained with a cast body.

The operation of the device requires only brief description. Taking the form of Fig ures 1 and 2, the hooked arm of the anchor is passed under a'rail transversely thereof (care being taken that one of the plates 24 closely engages a tie), the arm being kept in contact with the under surface of the rail base, so that the plate notches are guided to embracing engagement of a base flange. The body is forced toward the rail, preferably by means of hammer blows until the rail base flange is tightly wedged in the notches. In the first part of the forcible application, the loop 27 is compressed between the body web and the rail base, so that the arm beyond the loop swings toward and engages'the arm 30. At first the body is in approximately vertical position with the rail base flange extending part way into .the notches and approximately. diagonally thereof. Upon further advanceof the an chor, the rail base flange penetrates farther into the notches andforces the body to swing to the inclined position shown. This swinging of the body causes relative movement be tween itself and the arm 26, which is held against upward swing by the overlying rail" base with the result that the arm 30 presses upwardly against and tends to straighten the arm 26. This straightening of the bent arm 26 causes elongation thereof and thrusts the hook toward the edge of the rail base. In some cases the thrust will be sufiicient to move the hook beyond the edge of the rail base and enable it to snap up to the position shown, thus partially relieving the tension of the arm. If the book does not snap into place when the body is properly positioned, it may be caused to do so by a blow on the outer side of the loop 27, which will move the arm bodily in the direction of its length and at the same time tighten the loop, so that it will tend to draw the hook toward the body and establish a clam ing action transversely of the rail. If esired, occasional blows may be given the back of the loop during application of the body -to overcome friction between the top of theloo the tip of the hook and the rail base. he exact manner of application depends largely upon the frictional resistance to advance of the arm across the rail.

The anchor is removed by striking the hook sharply downward and toward the rail,

the other forms of the anchor are similar in essentials to the method already described and will not require further explanation.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim is 1. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the plates when operatively engaged with a rail base in a position spaced materially below the level of the rail base bottom and an arm connected to said web curving through an angle of more than 20 from the plane of the web and adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

2. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the plates when operatively engaged with a rail base in a position out of parallel with the rail base bottom, and

an arm connected to said web adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the rail base, a web connecting the plates adaptother base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

3. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a ed to be located by the plates when operatively engaged with a rail base in a position spaced materially below the level of the rail base bottom, and an arm being an integral continuation of said web curving through an angle of more than 20 from the plane of the web and ada ted to extend transversely beneath the rail Base, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the other base flan e thereby to hold the notched plates against isengagement from the rail base.

4. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a.

rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the plates -when operatively engaged with a rail base in a position out of parallel with the rail base bottom, and an arm being an integral continuation of said web adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, said arrnbeing hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disen agement from the rail base.

5. i rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notches to embrace one flange of a rail base, a. web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the plates when operatively engaged with a rail base in a osition spaced materially below the level 0 the rail base bottom, and an arm springing from the web and disposed entirely out of parallelism with the plane of the web when operatively related to a rail and adapted to press upwardly against the rail base bottom and to extend transversely beneath the rail base, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

6. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting corresponding edges of the plates through portions of the lengths thereof and an extension of said web constituting a resilient arm curving through an angle of more than 20 from the plane of the web and adapted to extend transversely beneath a rail base, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

. 7. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting corresponding edges of the plates through portions of the lengths thereo and an extension of said web constituting a resilient arm lying at and near its freeend out of parallelism with the web, said arm being adapted to extend transversely beneath a rail base and through a material portion of its length to engage the rail base bottom.

8. A rail anch'or comprising a pair of lates notched to embrace one flange of a rail ase, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the lates when operatively engaged with a rail ase in a osition spaced materially below the level 0? the rail base bottom, and an arm springing from the web adapted to extend transversely of a rail base and throu h a material part of its length substantially in parallelism with the rail has; bottom and out of parallelism with the we 9. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the lates when operatively engaged with a rail ase in a position spaced materially below the level of the rail base bottom, and an arm springing from the web adapted to extend transversely of a rail base and through a material part of its length substantially in parallelism with the rail base bottom and out of parallelism with the web, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to holdthe notched plates against disengage ment from the rail base.

10. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, and

itlll an arm springing from said web and passing between the plates and adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base.

between the plates and adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, said arm belng hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby tohold the notched lplates against disengagement from the rail ase. a

12. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embarce one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to located by the plates when operatively engaged with a ra1l base inv a position spaced materially below the level of and out of parallelism with the railbase bottom, and an arm connected to said web adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base and to be flexed in .applicationto a rail, whereby the arm will press upwardly against the rail base bottom, and a hook on said arm to enga e the edge of the other base flange and to iemaintained in such engagement by the upward pressure of the arm thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

13. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, and arms extending from opposite ends of the web,

- one of said arms being adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, and a hook on said transversely extending arm adapted to engage-the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base. I

14. A rail anchor comprising'a pair of plates, notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, and arms extending from opposite ends of the web, one of said arms passing between the plates and being adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, and a hook on said transversely extending arm adapted to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

15. A railanchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates and arms extending from opposite ends of the web, one of said arms being adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, and a hook on said transversely extending arm adapted to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates.

against disengagement from the rail base, the other of said arms being positioned to be engaged by an intermediate portion of the first arm in the operative position of the anchor tosupport the first arm.

16. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates and arms extending from opposite ends of the web, one of said arms passing between the plates and being adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base,and a hook on said transversely extending arm adapted to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from thefrail base, the other of said arms being positioned to be engaged by an intermediate portion of the first arm in the operative position of the anchor to sup ort the first arm.

1 A rail anchor comprising a pair of 7 plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, and arms extending from op osite ends of the web, one ofsald arms bei adapted to extend transversely beneath t e rail base, and a hook on said transversely extending arm adapted to engage the edgeof the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement 'from the rail base, the other of said arms extending toward the first arm and being spaced therefrom in the relaxed condition of the anchor.

18. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates and arms extending from opposite ends of the web toward the rail base and adapted to be tensioned in the application of the anchor to co-operatively urge the notched plates into close engagement with the upper surface of the rail base.

19. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, and

arms extending from opposite ends of the web, one of said arms being bent to substantially semicircular curvature and adapted to press upwardly against the rail base bottom.

20. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange'of a rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the plates when operatively engaged with a rail base in a position inclined with respect to the plane of the rail base bottom, an arm connected to said web and extending from the lower end thereof upwardly between the to thrust against the rail ase bottom.

21. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the plates when operatively enga ed with-a rail base in a position incline with respect to the plane of the rail base bottom, an arm connected to said web and extending from the lower end thereof upwardly between the lates and adapted to thrust against the rai base bottom, said arm being formed to extend translates and adapted,

versely beneath the rail base and being hooked to engagethe edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

22. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, an arm connected to the web and extending from one end thereof upwardly between the plates and adapted to thrust against the bottom surface of the rail base.

23. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, an arm connected to the web and extending from one end thereof upwardly between the plates and adapted to thrust against the bottom surface of the rail base, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base.

24. A. rail anchor comprising a portion notched to embrace one flange of a rail base and a second portion rigidly connected to the first portion at a location which will be spaced from the under surface of a rail base to which the anchor is operatively related, said second portion being of resilient character and adapted to be flexed in application to a rail to dispose the end portions thereof out of parallelism and to thrust against the under surface of the rail base.

25. A rail anchor comprising a portion notched to embrace one flange of a rail base and a secondportion rigidly connected to the first portion at a location which will be spaced from the under surface of a .rail base to which the anchor is operatively related, said second portion being of resilient character and adapted to be flexed in application to a rail to dispose the end portions thereof out of parallelism and to thrust against the under surface of the rail base, and a hook on said second portion ada ted to engage the edge of the other flange o the rail a'se thereby to hold the first portion against disengagement from the rail base.

- 26. A rail anchor comprising a portion notched to embrace one flange of a rail base and a normally straight second portion rigidly connected to the first portion at a. location which will be spaced from the under surface of a rail base to which the anchor is operatively related, said second portion being of'resilient character and adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base and to be flexed in application thereto,and a hook on said second portion adapted to engage the edge of the other flange of the rail base thereby to holdthe first portion against disengagement from the rail base.

27. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates, an

arm connected to the web and extending in a loop from one end of the web past the opposite end of the web, said arm being adapted to extend transversely beneath a rail base and being hooked at its free end to engage the edge of the other base flange and being adapted to be supported at an intermediate point by the web and to be flexed between the two rail base flanges and the web.

28. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates and adaptedto be located by the plates out of parallelism with a rail base with its upper end spaced below and intermediate the edges of the rail base, an arm connected to said web and extending from the lower end of the web to the upper end of the web in a loop and further extending beyond the upper end of the web thereby to project trans versely beneath the rail base, said arm being hooked at its free end to engage the edge of the other rail base flange and being formed for supporting engagement with the first named end of the web at a point intermediate the loop and the hooked end thereof when operatively related to a rail, thereby to be flexed between the two flanges of the rail base and the web.

29. A rail anchor comprising a pair of plates notched to embrace one flange of a rail base, a web connecting the plates adapted to be located by the plates when operatively engaged with a rail base in a' position spaced materially below the level of and out of parallelism with the rail base bottom and an arm connected to said web adapted to extend transversely beneath the rail base, said arm being hooked to engage the edge of the other base flange thereby to hold the notched plates against disengagement from the rail base, and being adapted to be flexed from its normal relation to the plates by forcible application of the anchor to a red.

30. In a rail anchor, a body notched to embrace one flange of a rail base and adapted to be applied to a rail base flange with a swinging movement toward the rail base, and an arm projecting from said body adapted to engage the lower surface of the rail base and to be flexed by the swinging movement of the body to dispose its opposite end portions out of parallelism and a hook at the end of said arm adapted to be. thrust by the flexed arm into engagement with the edge of the other base flange.

31. In a rail anchor, a body having a notch to embrace one flange of a rail base, the profile of the notch conforming substantially to the cross-sectional profile of a rail base flan e, a flexible arm carried by the body adapte to project transversely beneath a rail base, said arm being so related to the body in the relaxed condition of the site end portions thereof out of. parallelism.

32. A rail anchor formed of a single piece of metal comprising a central rail spanning portion to underlie a rail base, a loop connected directly to one end of said central portion to be disposed substantially axially horizontal and to impart resiliency to the anchor, a terminal -portion"disposed beside the loop and adapted to engage'one flange of a rail base and also to thrust against a tie, and a hook at the opposite end of said central portion adapted to engage the other flange of a rail base.

33. A rail anchor formed of a single piece of metal comprising a tie abutting portion desi ed to engage one flange of a rail base, a rail spanning portion to extend beneath a rail base transversely thereof, a loop to be disposed substantially axially horizontal connecting said two portions, and a hook at the end of the second portion opposite the loop adapted to engage the other flange of a rail base.

v 34. A rail anchor formed of a single piece of metal com rising a substantially flat tie abuttin portion designed to occupy a substantial y vertical plane and to engage at one edge with one flan e of a rail base, a second portion to extend beneath a rail base'tra'nsversely-thereof, a loop to. be disposed substantially. axially horizontal connecting said two portions and a hook at the end of the second portion opposite the looadapted to engage the other flange of a rail base.

35. A rail anchor formed ofa single piece of metal comprising a substantially flat tie abutting portion designed to occupy a substantially vertical plane and notched in one edge to. receive one flange of a rail base, a second portion to extend beneath a rail base transversely thereof, a loopto be disposed substantially axially horizontal connecting said two rtions, and a hook at the end of the secon portion op site the loop adapted to engage the other ange of a rail base.

36. A rail anchor formed of a single piece of metal comprising a tie abutting portion notched to receive one flange of a rail base, a second portion to extend beneath a rail base transversely thereof, a 100 to be disposed substantially axially horizontal connectin said two ortions and a hook at the and o the secon portion opposite the loop adapted to engage the other flange of a rail base.

37. A rail anchor formed of a single piece offlat metal bent 'to'provide a loop and arms crossing one another, one of sa1d arms form- 38. A rail anchor formed of a single piece of metal comprising a tie engaging portion to enga e one flange of a rail base and to be incline relatively to the vertical central plane of the rail when in operative position on the rail, a portion to extend transversely beneath the rail base from edge to ed e thereof, a loop to be disposed substantially axially horizontal connecting the two aforementioned portions and a hook on the end of the transverse portion op osite the loop to engage the other edge of t e rail base.

39. A rail anchor formed of a single piece of metal comprising a substantially flat tie engaging portion to engage with one edge of a rail base and to be disposed cdgewise to the rail in a plane substantially normal to the vertical centi'al plane of the rail when in operative position on the rail, a rail spannlng portion to extend transversely beneath the rail base, a loop to be disposed substantially axially horizontal connecting the two aforementioned portions and a hook on the of a rail base and to be disposed edgewise to the rail in a plane substantially normal tially axially horizontal connecting the two aforementioned portions and a, hook on the end of the transverse portion op osite the Loop to engage the other edge 0 the rail ase.

41. A one-piece rail anchor comprising a hook to engage one flange of a rail base, a portion to extend beneath the rail base transversely thereof, a tie engaging portion to engage the other flange of the rail base and a resilient loop connecting said rail spanning and tie enga ing portions, said loop being adapted to be tensioned in the application of the anchor to a rail and in service to urge the hook and tieengaging portions toward each'other thereby to grip the rail.

42. A rail anchor formed of a single piece of metal comprising a tie engaging portion notched to receive the edge of one flan of a rail base and to inclined relative y i to the vertical central plane of the rail when in operative position on the rail, a portion to extend transversely beneath the rail base from edge to edge thereof, a loop to be disposed substantially axially horizontal connecting the two aforementioned portions,

- to the rail in a plane substantially normal to the vertical central plane of the rail when in operative position on the rail, a rail spanning portion to extend transversely beneath the rail base, a loop to be disposed substantially axially horizontal connecting the two aforementioned portions, and a hook on the end "of the transverse portion opposite the loop toengage the edge of the other rail base flange.

44. A rail anchorformed of a single piece of metal, comprising a substantially flat tie engaging portion notched in its edge to receive the edge of one flan e of a rail base and to be disposed edgewlse to the rail in a plane substantially normal to the vertical central plane of the rail and to be inclined relatively to the vertical central plane of the rail when in operative position on the rail, a portion to extend transversely beneath the rail base from edge to edge thereof, a loop to be disposed substantially axially horizontal' connecting the two aforementioned portions, and a hook on the end of the transverse'portion opposite the loop to engage the. ed e of the other rail base flange.

45.- n a rail anchor, the combination of a jaw member comprising upper and lower tionally engage one .bar adapted to engage grip ing jaws separated from one another to a 0rd an inwardly ta ring jaw opening configured to snugly we go upon and fricflange of a rail base, a depending forwardl projecting foot carried by the jaw mem er and adapted to bcar against a tie, and a spring bar having its inner end connected to said foot and extending obliquely therefrom sufliciently to bring its free end above the plane of the base of the engaged rail and adapted to be downwardly flexed by engagement with said rail when the anchor is positioned, and an upturned hook at the free end of said spring the vertical edge surface of the other ra base flange.

46. In a rail anchor, the combination with ajaw member comprising upper and lower gripping jiaws separated from one another to afford an inwardly tapering jaw opening configured to snugly wedge upon and frictionall engage one flange of a rail base, a depen ing forwardly rojecting foot carried by the jaw mem er and adapted to bear against a tie, the jaw member including a socket portion located at a oint below the plane of the lower jaw an a spring bar rigidly supported at its inner end by said socket portion and. extending obliquely therefrom sufliciently to bring its free end above the plane of the base of the engaged rail and adapted to be downwardly flexed b engagement with said rail when the ane or 1s positioned on the rail, and an upwardly extending hook at the free end of said bar to engage the vertical edge surface of the other rail base flange.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

JOHN H. LARMON TH. 

